Dr. Boyd delivered this speech at the National Governors Association Statewide Planning Workshop on March 22, 2007 in Los Angeles. The Workshop was sponsored by the SAFECOM program through the DHS Office for Interoperability and Compatibility (OIC) and the Office of Emergency Communication (OEC). The speech addresses the many approaches to interoperability available today and their individual benefits and limitations. He points out that achieving interoperability is hard, takes longer than most people expect, and that there are no “silver bullets.” Nevertheless, the country has made progress and continues to show improvement. The audience of over 300 at the Statewide Planning Workshop consisted of statewide teams from 50 of 56 U.S. states, territories and the District of Columbia.